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Glossary

Natural breaks

This is a method of dividing the data displayed in a choropleth map. The Natural breaks (Jenks) method groups similar values together, and breaks are assigned where there are relatively large distances between the classes. This reduces variance within classes and maximises variance between classes. See also Equal interval and Quantile.

Natural language processing (NLP)

A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses machine learning to enable computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It combines computational linguistics with statistical modelling and deep learning to analyse text and speech.

Network analysis

A methodology for studying relationships among entities (nodes), such as people or organizations, connected by links (edges) that represent interactions or relationships. This approach enables the mapping and measurement of complex structures like social networks, communication patterns, or collaborations.

Nominal variable

This is a type of categorical variable that represents categories that do not have a natural order. The values assigned to the categories can be presented in any order. For example, there is no natural order to a set of categories describing the religion a person might follow.

Non-interactive documentation

Static, one-way information provided without requiring user input, navigation, or active engagement to comprehend. Contrast with Interactive documentation.

Non-substantive

Non-substantive responses in surveys are responses such as: ‘Not sure/ Do not recall’, ‘Don’t know (DK)’. Non-substantive responses are generally not used in analysis.